{"id":15583,"date":"2026-10-28T11:04:43","date_gmt":"2026-10-28T11:04:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ceylanport.com\/?page_id=15583"},"modified":"2026-10-29T12:37:34","modified_gmt":"2026-10-29T12:37:34","slug":"moyen-orient","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ceylanport.com\/fr\/middle-east\/","title":{"rendered":"Des usines d&#039;engrais pour renforcer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire au Moyen-Orient"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"15583\" class=\"elementor elementor-15583\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6sck8t8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6sck8t8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-gkoutwt e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"gkoutwt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-zfg200m e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"zfg200m\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d7bra6i e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d7bra6i\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5qbc87z elementor-widget elementor-widget-breadcrumbs\" data-id=\"5qbc87z\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"breadcrumbs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<nav aria-label=\"chapelure\" class=\"rank-math-breadcrumb\"><p><span class=\"last\">Accueil<\/span><\/p><\/nav>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6l1waxh e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6l1waxh\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97lfk8x elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97lfk8x\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Des usines d&#039;engrais pour renforcer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire au Moyen-Orient\n<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21uotib elementor-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"21uotib\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/ceylanport.com\/fr\/contacter-ceylan\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Demander plus d&#039;informations<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mi1unt8 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"mi1unt8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8btjgay elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8btjgay\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nous verrons pourquoi l&#039;histoire des engrais au Moyen-Orient est en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 double\u00a0: une r\u00e9gion qui fournit une part importante des engrais azot\u00e9s et phosphat\u00e9s mondiaux, et l&#039;un des march\u00e9s alimentaires les plus d\u00e9pendants des importations et les plus touch\u00e9s par le stress hydrique au monde. Nous examinerons \u00e9galement les implications de chacun des quatre march\u00e9s pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s dans cette s\u00e9rie pour les entreprises qui envisagent d&#039;y implanter une usine.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-frbv6tu e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"frbv6tu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-q7giwf5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"q7giwf5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-tqq0u53 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"tqq0u53\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4mfooga elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4mfooga\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Deux histoires dans une m\u00eame r\u00e9gion<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad97f1a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ad97f1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les pays du Golfe importent environ 851 milliards de tonnes de denr\u00e9es alimentaires qu&#039;ils consomment. Les estimations individuelles pour l&#039;Arabie saoudite (environ 801 milliards de tonnes) et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis (entre 80 et 901 milliards de tonnes) sont similaires. Cette d\u00e9pendance explique en grande partie pourquoi la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire est devenue une priorit\u00e9 nationale affich\u00e9e dans toute la r\u00e9gion, comme en t\u00e9moignent la Vision 2030 de l&#039;Arabie saoudite et la Strat\u00e9gie nationale de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire 2051 des \u00c9mirats arabes unis.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dans le m\u00eame temps, la r\u00e9gion est un important exportateur d&#039;engrais. En 2024, l&#039;Iran, le Qatar, l&#039;Arabie saoudite, les \u00c9mirats arabes unis et Bahre\u00efn repr\u00e9sentaient \u00e0 eux seuls environ 231\u00a0000 tonnes du commerce mondial d&#039;ammoniac, 341\u00a0000 tonnes d&#039;ur\u00e9e et 181\u00a0000 tonnes de phosphate ammoniacal, selon les donn\u00e9es de l&#039;Association internationale des engrais. L&#039;ensemble de la r\u00e9gion a fourni pr\u00e8s de 301\u00a0000 tonnes d&#039;exportations mondiales des principaux engrais. L&#039;acc\u00e8s \u00e0 du gaz naturel \u00e0 bas prix explique en grande partie cette situation. Selon une estimation du march\u00e9, le march\u00e9 des engrais du CCG devrait atteindre environ 13,5 milliards de dollars en 2025, pour atteindre environ 18,8 milliards de dollars d&#039;ici 2032.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Il en r\u00e9sulte une r\u00e9gion o\u00f9 les politiques relatives \u00e0 l&#039;industrie des engrais et \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire se recoupent, mais pas toujours aux m\u00eames endroits. Certains march\u00e9s privil\u00e9gient la production \u00e0 la consommation. D&#039;autres cherchent encore comment remplacer les importations.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w994a31 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"w994a31\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bovjjzh e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bovjjzh\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b82badf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b82badf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quatre march\u00e9s, quatre points de d\u00e9part<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c471e9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1c471e9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7234138 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"7234138\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<style>\r\n.eg-cmp-wrap{width:100%;overflow-x:auto;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch}\r\n.eg-cmp{width:100%;min-width:600px;border-collapse:collapse !important;border:1px solid #000 !important;font-size:15px;line-height:1.55}\r\n.eg-cmp th,.eg-cmp td{border:1px solid #000 !important;padding:8px 10px;vertical-align:top;text-align:left}\r\n.eg-cmp thead th{border-top:1px solid #000 !important;background:#f2f2f2;font-weight:600}\r\n.eg-cmp td:first-child{font-weight:600}\r\n.eg-cmp th:nth-child(1){width:14%}\r\n.eg-cmp th:nth-child(2){width:22%}\r\n.eg-cmp th:nth-child(3){width:30%}\r\n.eg-cmp th:nth-child(4){width:34%}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"eg-cmp-wrap\">\r\n<table class=\"eg-cmp\">\r\n  <thead>\r\n    <tr>\r\n      <th>March\u00e9<\/th>\r\n      <th>Cultures dominantes<\/th>\r\n      <th>Image d&#039;engrais<\/th>\r\n      <th>Qu\u2019est-ce qui stimule la nouvelle capacit\u00e9 ou la demande\u00a0?<\/th>\r\n    <\/tr>\r\n  <\/thead>\r\n  <tbody>\r\n    <tr>\r\n      <td><a href=\"https:\/\/ceylanport.com\/fr\/moyen-orient\/arabie-saoudite\/\">Arabie Saoudite<\/a><\/td>\r\n      <td>Bl\u00e9, dattes, fruits et l\u00e9gumes, cultures sous serre<\/td>\r\n      <td>Deux tr\u00e8s grands producteurs tourn\u00e9s vers l&#039;exportation (SABIC Agri-Nutrients et Ma&#039;aden) ; la demande int\u00e9rieure est tir\u00e9e par le bl\u00e9, les dattes et les cultures sous abri.<\/td>\r\n      <td>Le projet SAN-7 de SABIC AN (+2,6 Mt\/an d&#039;ur\u00e9e, portant la capacit\u00e9 totale d&#039;environ 4,8 \u00e0 environ 7,4 Mt\/an)\u00a0; l&#039;extension de l&#039;usine de phosphate 3 de Ma&#039;aden\u00a0; un protocole d&#039;accord SABIC\u2013Ma&#039;aden sur les produits agro-nutritifs \u00e0 valeur ajout\u00e9e, sign\u00e9 en ao\u00fbt 2026.<\/td>\r\n    <\/tr>\r\n    <tr>\r\n      <td><a href=\"https:\/\/ceylanport.com\/fr\/moyen-orient\/emirats-arabes-unis\/\">\u00c9mirats arabes unis<\/a><\/td>\r\n      <td>L\u00e9gumes cultiv\u00e9s sous abri et autres cultures en environnement contr\u00f4l\u00e9<\/td>\r\n      <td>Faible demande agricole int\u00e9rieure, orient\u00e9e vers les nutriments de qualit\u00e9 fertirrigation ; importante base d&#039;azote destin\u00e9e \u00e0 l&#039;exportation \u00e0 Ruwais<\/td>\r\n      <td>Strat\u00e9gie nationale de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire 2051\u00a0; croissance pr\u00e9vue de Fertiglobe \u00e0 Ruwais (la capacit\u00e9 globale de l\u2019entreprise devrait passer de 6,6 \u00e0 7,6\u00a0Mt\/an d\u2019ici 2027, selon les d\u00e9clarations de l\u2019entreprise)<\/td>\r\n    <\/tr>\r\n    <tr>\r\n      <td><a href=\"https:\/\/ceylanport.com\/fr\/moyen-orient\/irak\/\">Irak<\/a><\/td>\r\n      <td>Bl\u00e9, orge, riz, dattes<\/td>\r\n      <td>Production nationale limit\u00e9e\u00a0; forte d\u00e9pendance aux importations d\u2019ur\u00e9e et de DAP\u00a0; stress hydrique s\u00e9v\u00e8re<\/td>\r\n      <td>Projet d&#039;usine d&#039;ur\u00e9e de 1,15 Mt\/an \u00e0 Bassora (1,6 milliard USD)\u00a0; augmentation de la capacit\u00e9 de production de DAP \u00e0 Khor Al-Zubair\u00a0; mesures politiques pour 2026\/27 relatives aux droits d&#039;importation d&#039;engrais et aux achats publics.<\/td>\r\n    <\/tr>\r\n    <tr>\r\n      <td><a href=\"https:\/\/ceylanport.com\/fr\/moyen-orient\/jordanie\/\">Jordanie<\/a><\/td>\r\n      <td>Tomates, concombres, pommes de terre et autres l\u00e9gumes de la vall\u00e9e du Jourdain<\/td>\r\n      <td>Important producteur et exportateur de phosphate et de potasse ; petite demande agricole int\u00e9rieure<\/td>\r\n      <td>Un accord JPMC\u2013APC (juillet 2025) pour un complexe de production d&#039;acide phosphorique pur et d&#039;engrais sp\u00e9ciaux \u00e0 Aqaba et Shidiya<\/td>\r\n    <\/tr>\r\n  <\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6436166 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6436166\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c3d0b1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3c3d0b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Il ressort de cette tendance que l&#039;Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont avant tout des producteurs destin\u00e9s \u00e0 l&#039;exportation. L&#039;Irak repr\u00e9sente l&#039;exemple le plus flagrant de substitution aux importations au sein du groupe\u00a0: une importante agriculture, une production nationale d&#039;engrais limit\u00e9e et plusieurs projets priv\u00e9s r\u00e9cents visant \u00e0 combler le d\u00e9ficit. La Jordanie, quant \u00e0 elle, mise sur une transition des exportations de phosphate et de potasse bruts vers des produits transform\u00e9s \u00e0 plus forte valeur ajout\u00e9e.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2fc55a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b2fc55a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-180603a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"180603a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Les perturbations du transport maritime de 2026<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7433101 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7433101\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tout projet d&#039;usine d&#039;engrais dans cette r\u00e9gion doit d\u00e9sormais tenir compte du d\u00e9troit d&#039;Ormuz. Suite \u00e0 l&#039;escalade militaire de fin f\u00e9vrier 2026, le trafic commercial dans le d\u00e9troit a fortement diminu\u00e9. Le Centre du commerce international des Nations Unies estime que le d\u00e9troit transporte habituellement environ un tiers de l&#039;ur\u00e9e commercialis\u00e9e dans le monde. Son analyse des donn\u00e9es commerciales d&#039;avril 2026 a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 une baisse des exportations d&#039;ur\u00e9e de 831\u00a0000 tonnes (TP3\u00a0T) et des exportations d&#039;ammoniac de 751\u00a0000 tonnes (TP3\u00a0T) en provenance des \u00e9conomies d\u00e9pendantes du d\u00e9troit d&#039;Ormuz.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00c0 la mi-octobre 2026, selon les donn\u00e9es du syst\u00e8me de suivi OMC-AXSMarine, les exp\u00e9ditions d&#039;engrais transitant par le d\u00e9troit restaient quasi nulles d\u00e9but septembre. Un cessez-le-feu est en vigueur et un corridor de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 annonc\u00e9, mais les compagnies maritimes invoquent des probl\u00e8mes d&#039;assurance et de s\u00e9curit\u00e9, et le trafic ne s&#039;est pas encore redress\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re significative. Une partie du fret est r\u00e9achemin\u00e9e par la mer Rouge et le canal de Suez, ou par voie terrestre. Ces m\u00eames donn\u00e9es indiquent que le prix du soufre, sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 1\u00a0000\u00a0USD la tonne, rench\u00e9rit les co\u00fbts de production du phosphate dans d&#039;autres r\u00e9gions. La situation dans ce domaine pouvant \u00e9voluer rapidement, les chiffres pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s ici datent de la mi-octobre 2026.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les march\u00e9s les plus expos\u00e9s d\u00e9pendent en partie de la situation g\u00e9ographique\u00a0:<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1703158 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"1703158\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<style>\r\n.eg-cmp.eg-cmp-3 th:nth-child(1){width:18%}\r\n.eg-cmp.eg-cmp-3 th:nth-child(2){width:32%}\r\n.eg-cmp.eg-cmp-3 th:nth-child(3){width:50%}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"eg-cmp-wrap\">\r\n<table class=\"eg-cmp eg-cmp-3\">\r\n  <thead>\r\n    <tr>\r\n      <th>March\u00e9<\/th>\r\n      <th>Porte d&#039;entr\u00e9e principale pour les engrais<\/th>\r\n      <th>Position par rapport \u00e0 Hormuz<\/th>\r\n    <\/tr>\r\n  <\/thead>\r\n  <tbody>\r\n    <tr>\r\n      <td>Arabie Saoudite<\/td>\r\n      <td>Jubail et Ras Al-Khair (c\u00f4te du Golfe) ; Yanbu (mer Rouge)<\/td>\r\n      <td>Situation mitig\u00e9e. Les usines de la c\u00f4te est exp\u00e9dient leurs produits depuis l&#039;int\u00e9rieur du golfe Persique\u00a0; la c\u00f4te de la mer Rouge offre une autre voie d&#039;acheminement, et il a \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9 que SABIC avait transport\u00e9 de l&#039;ur\u00e9e par camion de Jubail \u00e0 Yanbu.<\/td>\r\n    <\/tr>\r\n    <tr>\r\n      <td>\u00c9mirats arabes unis<\/td>\r\n      <td>Ruwais<\/td>\r\n      <td>\u00c0 l&#039;int\u00e9rieur du golfe<\/td>\r\n    <\/tr>\r\n    <tr>\r\n      <td>Irak<\/td>\r\n      <td>Bassora et Khor Al-Zubair sur le Chatt al-Arab<\/td>\r\n      <td>\u00c0 l&#039;int\u00e9rieur du Golfe, l&#039;usine d&#039;ur\u00e9e pr\u00e9vue \u00e0 Bassorah est destin\u00e9e au march\u00e9 int\u00e9rieur.<\/td>\r\n    <\/tr>\r\n    <tr>\r\n      <td>Jordanie<\/td>\r\n      <td>Aqaba<\/td>\r\n      <td>Mer Rouge, \u00e0 l&#039;ext\u00e9rieur du d\u00e9troit<\/td>\r\n    <\/tr>\r\n  <\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a18e30b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a18e30b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ce tableau indique l&#039;emplacement des principaux sites de production de chaque fabricant\u00a0; l&#039;acheminement des marchandises varie d&#039;un site \u00e0 l&#039;autre. Concr\u00e8tement, pour toute personne envisageant la construction d&#039;une nouvelle usine, il est essentiel de comprendre que la diversification des itin\u00e9raires (un port alternatif, une liaison ferroviaire ou routi\u00e8re, ou une capacit\u00e9 de stockage pour pallier une \u00e9ventuelle fermeture) est devenue un crit\u00e8re de conception \u00e0 part enti\u00e8re, et non plus seulement un enjeu logistique.<br \/><br \/><\/span><\/p><h2><b>L&#039;eau est l&#039;autre contrainte commune.<\/b><\/h2><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La raret\u00e9 de l&#039;eau influence les quatre march\u00e9s, mais de diff\u00e9rentes mani\u00e8res. En Arabie saoudite, les ressources en eau renouvelables sont estim\u00e9es \u00e0 moins de 100 m\u00e8tres cubes par personne et par an. L&#039;Irak d\u00e9pend du Tigre et de l&#039;Euphrate, et environ 701\u00a0000 milliards de tonnes d&#039;eau proviennent de l&#039;ext\u00e9rieur de ses fronti\u00e8res. En Jordanie, l&#039;agriculture irrigu\u00e9e a toujours repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 pr\u00e8s des deux tiers de la consommation nationale d&#039;eau. La production d&#039;engrais est elle-m\u00eame tr\u00e8s consommatrice d&#039;eau, comme nous l&#039;expliquons dans notre article sur la production d&#039;engrais dans les r\u00e9gions en situation de p\u00e9nurie d&#039;eau.<\/span><\/p><h2><b>O\u00f9 les d\u00e9cisions en mati\u00e8re d&#039;\u00e9quipement s&#039;adaptent<\/b><\/h2><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Il serait exag\u00e9r\u00e9 d&#039;affirmer que les \u00e9quipements de granulation, de s\u00e9chage et de m\u00e9lange sont directement pertinents pour chaque projet dans cette r\u00e9gion. Les plus grandes lignes de production d&#039;ur\u00e9e et de DAP (comme les complexes phosphat\u00e9s de SAN-7 et de Ma&#039;aden) sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement construites \u00e0 tr\u00e8s grande \u00e9chelle autour d&#039;\u00e9quipements sp\u00e9cifiques aux conc\u00e9dants de licence. C&#039;est plut\u00f4t pour les lignes de production d&#039;engrais compos\u00e9s et NPK de taille moyenne, con\u00e7ues pour r\u00e9pondre aux besoins locaux des cultures, que les questions d&#039;\u00e9quipement prennent toute leur importance.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0763820 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"0763820\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eg-cmp-wrap\">\r\n<table class=\"eg-cmp eg-cmp-3\">\r\n  <thead>\r\n    <tr>\r\n      <th>March\u00e9<\/th>\r\n      <th>Adapt\u00e9 aux \u00e9quipements de granulation, de s\u00e9chage et de m\u00e9lange<\/th>\r\n      <th>Pourquoi, et quelles sont les limites ?<\/th>\r\n    <\/tr>\r\n  <\/thead>\r\n  <tbody>\r\n    <tr>\r\n      <td>Arabie Saoudite<\/td>\r\n      <td>Lignes de production NPK de moyenne gamme, sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9es et de m\u00e9lange pour le march\u00e9 int\u00e9rieur<\/td>\r\n      <td>Le protocole d&#039;accord SABIC\u2013Ma&#039;aden met l&#039;accent sur les produits \u00e0 valeur ajout\u00e9e, et de nombreuses formulations de micronutriments et de sp\u00e9cialit\u00e9s de pointe seraient encore import\u00e9es. Les m\u00e9ga-usines d&#039;ur\u00e9e et de DAP sont d&#039;une toute autre envergure.<\/td>\r\n    <\/tr>\r\n    <tr>\r\n      <td>\u00c9mirats arabes unis<\/td>\r\n      <td>Limit\u00e9<\/td>\r\n      <td>La demande int\u00e9rieure privil\u00e9gie les produits de fertirrigation plut\u00f4t que les engrais NPK granulaires ; le m\u00e9lange et la manutention en vue d&#039;une distribution r\u00e9gionale constituent l&#039;option la plus plausible.<\/td>\r\n    <\/tr>\r\n    <tr>\r\n      <td>Irak<\/td>\r\n      <td>Potentiel de terrain vierge le plus fort<\/td>\r\n      <td>Plusieurs nouveaux projets (dont un projet d&#039;engrais compos\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 \u00e0 Baiji) n\u00e9cessiteront des capacit\u00e9s de granulation et de s\u00e9chage, et le pays dispose de peu d&#039;infrastructures en aval.<\/td>\r\n    <\/tr>\r\n    <tr>\r\n      <td>Jordanie<\/td>\r\n      <td>Lignes NPK et sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9es en aval<\/td>\r\n      <td>Les mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res de phosphate et de potasse sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 disponibles localement, et le projet JPMC\u2013APC vise explicitement la production \u00e0 valeur ajout\u00e9e.<\/td>\r\n    <\/tr>\r\n  <\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7944281 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7944281\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les pages consacr\u00e9es \u00e0 chaque pays dans cette s\u00e9rie d\u00e9taillent les sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9s de chaque march\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-z04mbjd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"z04mbjd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-y6yuve9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"y6yuve9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jav3ohb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jav3ohb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ziswydd elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ziswydd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Foire aux questions<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-k2p3doq e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"k2p3doq\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-zdxd0co e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"zdxd0co\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ip35krt elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"ip35krt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;expanded&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accord\u00e9on. Ouvrez les liens avec Entr\u00e9e ou Espace, fermez avec \u00c9chap et naviguez avec les touches fl\u00e9ch\u00e9es\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-530\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" open>\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-530\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Pourquoi la production d&#039;engrais est-elle importante pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire au Moyen-Orient\u00a0? <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-530\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5tg94p1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5tg94p1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-530\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b5pxidf faq-according-content e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b5pxidf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-t22lhh2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"t22lhh2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\">Les pays du Golfe importent environ 851\u00a0000 tonnes de denr\u00e9es alimentaires qu&#039;ils consomment, ce qui a fait de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire une priorit\u00e9 nationale dans toute la r\u00e9gion. La production nationale d&#039;engrais soutient l&#039;agriculture locale et r\u00e9duit la d\u00e9pendance aux importations, notamment sur des march\u00e9s comme l&#039;Irak, o\u00f9 l&#039;agriculture est importante mais o\u00f9 l&#039;approvisionnement local en engrais est limit\u00e9.<\/p><p dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-531\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-531\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Le Moyen-Orient est-il un exportateur majeur d&#039;engrais ? <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-531\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35gvb1g e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"35gvb1g\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-531\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ckxbcfs faq-according-content e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ckxbcfs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7oeb84y elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7oeb84y\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\">Oui. En 2024, l&#039;Iran, le Qatar, l&#039;Arabie saoudite, les \u00c9mirats arabes unis et Bahre\u00efn ont repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 \u00e0 eux seuls environ 341\u00a0000 milliards de tonnes du commerce mondial d&#039;ur\u00e9e et 231\u00a0000 milliards de tonnes du commerce mondial d&#039;ammoniac. L&#039;ensemble de la r\u00e9gion a fourni pr\u00e8s de 301\u00a0000 milliards de tonnes d&#039;exportations mondiales d&#039;engrais majeurs, principalement gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 son acc\u00e8s au gaz naturel \u00e0 bas prix.<\/p><p dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/p><p dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-532\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"3\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-532\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Quels pays du Moyen-Orient offrent les meilleures opportunit\u00e9s pour l&#039;implantation de nouvelles usines d&#039;engrais\u00a0? <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-532\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bsidbr9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bsidbr9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-532\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63lpv98 faq-according-content e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"63lpv98\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w9o5edv elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w9o5edv\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\">Chaque march\u00e9 part d&#039;une situation diff\u00e9rente. L&#039;Arabie saoudite d\u00e9veloppe d&#039;importantes capacit\u00e9s d&#039;exportation et s&#039;oriente vers des produits \u00e0 valeur ajout\u00e9e. Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis disposent d&#039;une importante base de production d&#039;azote \u00e0 Ruwais, mais la demande int\u00e9rieure reste limit\u00e9e. L&#039;Irak pr\u00e9sente le plus fort potentiel de substitution aux importations gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des projets de d\u00e9veloppement innovants. La Jordanie a le potentiel de transformer ses ressources locales de phosphate et de potasse en produits d\u00e9riv\u00e9s \u00e0 plus forte valeur ajout\u00e9e.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2p2dju4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2p2dju4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eq46i1k elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"eq46i1k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;expanded&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accord\u00e9on. Ouvrez les liens avec Entr\u00e9e ou Espace, fermez avec \u00c9chap et naviguez avec les touches fl\u00e9ch\u00e9es\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-5840\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" open>\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-5840\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Comment la perturbation du d\u00e9troit d&#039;Ormuz a-t-elle affect\u00e9 le commerce des engrais\u00a0? <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-5840\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6lxugza e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6lxugza\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-5840\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-p3xivro faq-according-content e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"p3xivro\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-o09lu63 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"o09lu63\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\">Suite \u00e0 l&#039;escalade militaire de fin f\u00e9vrier 2026, le trafic commercial dans le d\u00e9troit d&#039;Ormuz a fortement diminu\u00e9. Les donn\u00e9es commerciales d&#039;avril 2026 indiquaient une baisse de 831\u00a0030 tonnes des exportations d&#039;ur\u00e9e des pays d\u00e9pendants du d\u00e9troit par rapport \u00e0 l&#039;ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente. \u00c0 la mi-octobre 2026, le trafic d&#039;engrais ne s&#039;\u00e9tait pas encore redress\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re significative et une partie des cargaisons \u00e9tait r\u00e9achemin\u00e9e par la mer Rouge ou par voie terrestre.<\/p><p dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-5841\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-5841\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Quels sont les march\u00e9s d&#039;engrais les moins expos\u00e9s aux risques li\u00e9s au transport maritime via Hormuz\u00a0? <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-5841\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qvgl4q4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qvgl4q4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-5841\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ias4yqe faq-according-content e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ias4yqe\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33df396 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"33df396\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\">La Jordanie exp\u00e9die ses marchandises via Aqaba, sur la mer Rouge, \u00e0 l&#039;ext\u00e9rieur du d\u00e9troit. L&#039;Arabie saoudite dispose d&#039;une voie alternative par la mer Rouge, via Yanbu. Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis et l&#039;Irak exp\u00e9dient leurs marchandises depuis l&#039;int\u00e9rieur du Golfe, ce qui les rend plus vuln\u00e9rables. Pour les nouvelles installations, la diversification des itin\u00e9raires et la capacit\u00e9 de stockage sont devenues des crit\u00e8res de conception \u00e0 part enti\u00e8re, et non plus seulement des enjeux logistiques.<\/p><p dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-5842\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"3\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-5842\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Comment la raret\u00e9 de l&#039;eau affecte-t-elle la production d&#039;engrais dans la r\u00e9gion\u00a0? <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-5842\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-h2oyw97 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"h2oyw97\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-5842\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uvrre7n faq-according-content e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"uvrre7n\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-euiwcfk elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"euiwcfk\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\">La production d&#039;engrais est tr\u00e8s consommatrice d&#039;eau, et la raret\u00e9 de cette ressource affecte les quatre march\u00e9s. En Arabie saoudite, les ressources en eau renouvelables sont estim\u00e9es \u00e0 moins de 100 m\u00e8tres cubes par personne et par an. L&#039;Irak d\u00e9pend fortement du Tigre et de l&#039;Euphrate, et environ 701\u00a0000 tonnes de son eau proviennent de sources ext\u00e9rieures \u00e0 ses fronti\u00e8res.<\/p><p dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/p><p dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4567cbz e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4567cbz\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-z2ndtzd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"z2ndtzd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\" href=\"mailto:info@ceylanport.com\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element 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26.8848L26.5997 27.5256C26.4989 27.6263 26.3705 27.6721 26.2513 27.6721C26.1046 27.6721 25.9763 27.6171 25.8754 27.5714C25.3161 27.2692 24.3441 26.4362 23.4363 25.5391C22.5377 24.6419 21.7033 23.6715 21.4099 23.1039C21.3549 23.0032 21.309 22.875 21.309 22.7378C21.309 22.6187 21.3457 22.4997 21.4466 22.399L22.0884 21.7308C22.5011 21.3096 22.7394 20.9434 22.7394 20.5223C22.7394 20.1928 22.5928 19.8358 22.2902 19.4055L20.3187 16.6317C19.9978 16.1923 19.5485 16 19.0534 16C18.4482 16 17.8155 16.2746 17.2837 16.7965C16.3943 17.6478 16 18.7006 16 19.8632C16 22.4906 18.0081 25.6764 20.6489 28.3129Z\" fill=\"#123760\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-273d1jb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"273d1jb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nous contacter<\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jrg91rx elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"jrg91rx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">+90 (324) 238 - 1766<\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-crze6mg e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"crze6mg\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\" href=\"tel:+905336483478\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-amlvrt1 elementor-view-stacked elementor-shape-circle elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon\" data-id=\"amlvrt1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"48\" height=\"48\" viewbox=\"0 0 48 48\" fill=\"none\"><rect width=\"48\" height=\"48\" rx=\"24\" fill=\"white\"><\/rect><path d=\"M17 15.75C17 14.2332 18.1415 13 19.5455 13H28.4545C29.8585 13 31 14.2332 31 15.75V32.25C31 33.7668 29.8585 35 28.4545 35H19.5455C18.1415 35 17 33.7668 17 32.25V15.75ZM21.4545 31.9062C21.4545 32.4777 21.8801 32.9375 22.4091 32.9375H25.5909C26.1199 32.9375 26.5455 32.4777 26.5455 31.9062C26.5455 31.3348 26.1199 30.875 25.5909 30.875H22.4091C21.8801 30.875 21.4545 31.3348 21.4545 31.9062ZM28.4545 15.75H19.5455V28.8125H28.4545V15.75Z\" fill=\"#123760\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-zr4hr49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"zr4hr49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mobile<\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6eawy12 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6eawy12\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">+90 (533) 648 - 3478<\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Home Fertilizer Plants for the Middle East&#8217;s Food-Security Push Request More Information We will cover why the Middle East&#8217;s fertilizer story is really two stories at once: a region that supplies a large share of the world&#8217;s nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer, and one of the most import-dependent and water-stressed food markets anywhere. We will also [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-15583","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceylanport.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15583","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceylanport.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceylanport.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceylanport.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceylanport.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15583"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/ceylanport.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15583\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15649,"href":"https:\/\/ceylanport.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15583\/revisions\/15649"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceylanport.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15583"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}